6.1.1 Spatial Data Infrastructures
From Geostandards
6 INSPIRE
6.1 Background and Motivation
- 6.1.1 Spatial Data Infrastructures
- 6.1.2 Requirements for a European SDI
- 6.1.3 Existing foundation for a European SDI
- 6.2.1 Background and history
- 6.2.2 The five components of the Directive
- 6.2.3 Implementation, status and schedule
- 6.2.4 Groups and responsibilities within INSPIRE
- 6.2.5 INSPIRE Implementing Rules and INSPIRE Guidance Documents
- 6.2.6 European and Global initiatives in the context of INSPIRE
6.3 Technical Architecture Overview
- 6.3.1 Relationship between the different components, in particular spatial data, metadata, registers, and network services
- 6.3.2 Terminology
6.4 Interoperabilty of spatial data sets / INSPIRE data specifications
- 6.4.1 Requirements of the INSPIRE Directive
- 6.4.2 Interoperability of spatial data
- 6.4.3 INSPIRE data scope
- 6.4.4 Modelling Framework
- 6.4.5 Generic Conceptual Model
- 6.4.6 ISO 19100 series of International Standards
- 6.4.7 Rules for application schemas and feature catalogues
- 6.4.8 Identifier Management
- 6.4.9 Object referencing modelling
- 6.4.10 Coordinate referencing
- 6.4.11 Multi-lingual text and cultural adaptability
- 6.4.12 Data quality
- 6.4.13 Metadata for evaluation and use
- 6.4.14 Multiple representations
- 6.4.15 Consistency between data
- 6.4.16 Portrayal model
- 6.4.17 Conformance
- 6.4.18 Generic Network Model
- 6.4.19 Gazetteers
- 6.4.20 Encoding and data formats
- 6.4.21 INSPIRE registers
- 6.4.22 Annex I data specifications
- 6.4.23 Outlook to Annex II/III data specifications
- 6.4.24 Extensions by countries or communities
The development of Spatial Data Infrastructures is a worldwide phenomenon. The US Federal Geographic Data Committee (http://www.fgdc.gov/ ) was one of the first bodies that has been legally mandated to set up a national Spatial Data Infrastructure (Executive Order 12906) This US Executive Order 12906 from 1994 also provided an SDI definition:
„…Spatial Data Infrastructure defined as the technologies, policies, and people necessary to promote sharing of geospatial data throughout all levels of government, the private and non-profit sectors, and the academic community.“
Better than by the above definition an SDI might be characterised by its goals.
Spatial Data Infrastructures aim on:
- reducing the duplication of effort (costs, time, etc.) in sharing geographic information,
- making up-to-date geographic information easily accessible thus helping in increasing quality of related analysis and decision making,
- support seamless integration of geographic data from different sources, enabling to easily publish geographic information.
Throughout Europe a number of national and regional initiatives establish Spatial Data Infrastructures, most of them are driven by public administration or by public-private partnerships (see for instance Masser 20071 for an overview). Key components to these SDI initiatives are generally: - an organisational structure acting consensus based and confirming a sustainable and reliable operation of the infrastructure - an agreed set of rules and standards to govern the development and deployment of the Infrastructure - a mixture of distributed and centralised geodatabases and network services which technically establish the infrastructure (currently based on the Internet as the underlying information technology infrastructure)
1Masser, I (2007): Building European Spatial Data Infrastructures. ESRI Press, 2007, 104 pp. ISBN: 978-1-58948-165-7.
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