6.4.15 Consistency between data

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6 INSPIRE
6.1 Background and Motivation

6.1.1 Spatial Data Infrastructures
6.1.2 Requirements for a European SDI
6.1.3 Existing foundation for a European SDI

6.2 Overview and Context

6.2.1 Background and history
6.2.2 The five components of the Directive
6.2.3 Implementation, status and schedule
6.2.4 Groups and responsibilities within INSPIRE
6.2.5 INSPIRE Implementing Rules and INSPIRE Guidance Documents
6.2.6 European and Global initiatives in the context of INSPIRE

6.3 Technical Architecture Overview

6.3.1 Relationship between the different components, in particular spatial data, metadata, registers, and network services
6.3.2 Terminology

6.4 Interoperabilty of spatial data sets / INSPIRE data specifications

6.4.1 Requirements of the INSPIRE Directive
6.4.2 Interoperability of spatial data
6.4.3 INSPIRE data scope
6.4.4 Modelling Framework
6.4.5 Generic Conceptual Model
6.4.6 ISO 19100 series of International Standards
6.4.7 Rules for application schemas and feature catalogues
6.4.8 Identifier Management
6.4.9 Object referencing modelling
6.4.10 Coordinate referencing
6.4.11 Multi-lingual text and cultural adaptability
6.4.12 Data quality
6.4.13 Metadata for evaluation and use
6.4.14 Multiple representations
6.4.15 Consistency between data
6.4.16 Portrayal model
6.4.17 Conformance
6.4.18 Generic Network Model
6.4.19 Gazetteers
6.4.20 Encoding and data formats
6.4.21 INSPIRE registers
6.4.22 Annex I data specifications
6.4.22.1 Coordinate reference systems
6.4.22.2 Geographical grid systems
6.4.22.3 Geographical names
6.4.22.4 Administrative units
6.4.22.5 Addresses
6.4.22.6 Cadastral parcels
6.4.22.7 Transport networks
6.4.22.8 Hydrography
6.4.22.9 Protected sites
6.4.23 Outlook to Annex II/III data specifications
6.4.24 Extensions by countries or communities

6.5 Network Services

6.5.1 Network Service Architecture
6.5.2 View Services
6.5.3 Discovery Services
6.5.4 Download Services
6.5.5 Transformation Services
6.5.6 Invoke spatial data service services

6.6 Metadata

6.6.1 Requirements of the INSPIRE Directive
6.6.2 INSPIRE Metadata scope
6.6.3 INSPIRE Metadata elements
6.6.4 Metadata guidelines
6.6.4.1 Implementation according to ISO 19000 series
6.6.4.2 Implementation according to Dublin Core
6.6.4 Relationship to INSPIRE Discovery Services

The Articles 8(3) and 10(2) state requirements with regard to the consistency between data, in particular requires

  • consistency between items of information which refer to the same location or between items of information which refer to the same phenomena represented at different scales
  • spatial data relating to a geographical feature, the location of which spans the frontier between two or more Member States, are coherent

Methods for ensuring data consistency often concern topographic data. In the context of INSPIRE, the complexity comes from the diversity of themes. A priori data coming from different data providers are never perfectly consistent one to another.

In INSPIRE, four types of consistencies are distinguished:

  • Consistency within a data set
  • Consistency between spatial objects of different themes at the same level of detail
  • Consistency of spatial objects of a theme at two different levels of detail
  • Consistency of spatial objects along a boundary

All types have different characteristics and further research on this topic is needed.

Currently the following measures are foreseen:

  • The general requirements in the Directive still apply and may require the adaptation of data in particular in boundary areas
  • Relevant constraints between spatial objects are modelled as constraints in the application schemas.
  • The use of object referencing is promoted.

See Clause 22 and Annex B of the Generic Conceptual Model for more detail.

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